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MODELO NUMÉRICO DEL COMPORTAMIENTO HISTERÉTICO DE UNIONES ENTRE FORJADOS RETICULARES Y PILARES DE FACHADA
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UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMAS
DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍAS
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
Asignatura: PROCESOS DE
MANUFACTURA I
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(Recibido:
17 de Noviembre de 2016; Aprobado: 17 de noviembre de 2016)
MODELO NUMÉRICO DEL COMPORTAMIENTO
HISTERÉTICO DE UNIONES ENTRE FORJADOS RETICULARES Y PILARES DE FACHADA
J. C. Romero, J.P.
Reyes, D.S.Paez
RESUMEN
Los
procesos de manufactura, son procesos industriales mediante los cuales se
transforma la materia prima para dar origen a un producto totalmente terminado
y así, incrementar o disminuir ciertas propiedades del material y para esto se
involucra el uso de las maquinas herramientas y trabajo manual. Uno de estos
procesos es el forjado, que es el proceso que al igual que la laminación, son procesos de
fabricación por medio de deformación plástica producida por fuerzas de
compresión y puede ser realizado en caliente o en frío .Este proceso se utiliza
para dar una forma y unas propiedades determinadas al material de trabajo, el
cual está sometido a altas presiones bien sea continua o por impacto. Hay que
destacar que es un proceso de conformado de metales en el que no se produce
arranque de viruta, con lo que se produce un importante ahorro de material
respecto a otros procesos, como por ejemplo el mecanizado.
ABSTRACT
The manufacturing processes, the industrial
processes through which the raw material is transformed to give rise to a
completely finished product and thus, increase or decrease certain properties
of the material and for the use of the tools of the machines and the manual of
work. One of these processes is the forging, which is the process that equates
the rolling, process of manufacturing process by means of plastic deformation
produced by compression forces and can be made hot or cold. Form and properties
with the work material, which is subjected to high pressures either continuous
or impact. It should be noted that it is a process of metal forming in which
there is no chip start, which results in significant savings in material compared
to other processes, such as machining.
Las
estructuras de forjados reticulares sobre pilares aislados han sido ampliamente
utilizadas en el sur de Europa para edificios de viviendas y oficinas. El
modelo global consiste en elementos tipo barra para los soportes y tipo placa
para el forjado, con uniones entre ambos mediante rótulas a flexión y a
torsión. La resistencia de las rótulas a flexión se determina a partir de la
estimación de la porción de armadura longitudinal del forjado que transmite
directamente momentos al pilar por flexión. La deformación de plastificación de
las rótulas se estima con expresiones simples. Como ductilidad de las rótulas a
flexión se adopta el valor propuesto por la norma FEMA 356, mientras que para
las rótulas a torsión se adopta ductilidad infinita, lo cual es consistente con
resultados experimentales previos. Se muestra que la respuesta frente a
desplazamientos laterales impuestos monótonamente crecientes obtenida con el
modelo propuesto se ajusta adecuadamente a resultados experimentales obtenidos
en estudios anteriores, en cuanto a rigidez, resistencia y ductilidad.
Las
estructuras con forjados bidireccionales planos sobre pilares aislados han sido
recurrentemente utilizadas en la construcción de edificios para viviendas y oficinas,
ya que ofrecen un buen aprovechamiento de los espacios, permiten una
distribución flexible en planta de los soportes y economizan en materiales y en
proceso constructivo. Sin embargo, muchas de estas estructuras han sido
proyectadas y construidas con códigos sísmicos obsoletos y se han demostrado
significativamente vulnerables frente a terremotos severos .Su vulnerabilidad
se debe principalmente a la ausencia de detalles de armado que les confiera
ductilidad, a la falta de continuidad y bajas cuantías en las armaduras
inferiores en la zona de entrega a los pilares, a la formación de rótulas
plásticas en pilares, y a su elevada flexibilidad lateral que amplifica los
efectos de segundo orden. El modelo idealiza el forjado como elementos tipo
placa, los soportes como elementos tipo barra y representa las no linealidades
de los materiales mediante rótulas de flexión y de torsión que conectan el
forjado reticular a los soportes. Las rótulas consideran, de forma
simplificada, la interacción de los mecanismos de transmisión del momento
flector por torsión de la viga de borde y por transmisión directa al soporte.
REFERENCIAS
A.J. Durrani, Y. Du, Y.H. Luo
Seismic
resistance of nonductile slab-column connections in existing flat-slab
buildings
ACI
Struct. J., 92 (4) (1995), pp. 479–487
View
Record in Scopus | Citing articles (22)
I.
Robertson, G. Johnson
Cyclic
lateral loading of nonductile slab-column connections
ACI
Struct. J., 103 (3) (2006), pp. 356–364
Civil
Engineering Department. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
(1981)
SAP2000 v15.0.1, Computers and Structures, Inc, Berkeley, California,
2011.
VELOCIDAD, PRECISIÓN, Y CALIDAD DE SUPERFICIES PARA LA INDUSTRIA DE AUTOMOCIÓN
UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMAS
DIVISIÓN DE INGENIERÍAS
FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA
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(Recibido: 17 de Noviembre de 2016; Aprobado: 17 de noviembre de 2016)
VELOCIDAD, PRECISIÓN, Y CALIDAD DE SUPERFICIES
PARA LA INDUSTRIA DE AUTOMOCIÓN
PARA LA INDUSTRIA DE AUTOMOCIÓN
J. C. Romero, J.P. Reyes, D.S.Paez
Summary:
The sheet metal forming includes the creation of surfaces that, depending on their own complexity, allow adjustments made at the right time and according to the level of precision and quality desired. Design companies run into problems between the design of complex 3D models to their realization in CNC machines. This is where software such as AutoForm-ProccessDesigner will play an important role in linking CAD design with real design. Companies such as Fontana Prieto are advancing to the full use of software in their designs, in order to design better and faster.
Zusammenfassung:
Die Blechumformung umfasst Oberflächen zu schaffen, abhängig von ihrer Komplexität, Anpassungen zum richtigen Zeitpunkt vorgenommen ermöglichen und gemäß der gewünschten Genauigkeit und Qualität. Design-Firmen Probleme zwischen der Gestaltung von komplexen 3D-Modellen zur Realisierung auf CNC-Maschinen laufen. Dies ist, wo die Software als Autoform -ProccessDesigner kommen eine wichtige Rolle zwischen CAD-Design-Verknüpfung zu spielen und der tatsächlichen Ausführung. Firmen wie Fontana Prieto werden den verstärkten Einsatz competa Software in ihren Entwürfen, um besser und schneller zu gestalten.
Keywords:
Molds, precision, molding, speed, perfection, software, CAD
Introduction
Today the design of dies, molds and industrial design in general has lagged behind its origins of design by hand, currently very few companies that distribute parts of in our case parts of cars make these designs by hand, normally used Software, for its many advantages, between correcting errors, modeling speed among others.
The modeling of parts is only the first step in the manufacture of parts, for this first point you can use any modeling software like Solid Edge or inventor that comply with the design and show details of the parts to be manufactured .
This type of program has problems in the second step; The design of pieces of complex and non-parameterized surfaces, when performing complex forms these have many problems due to their functionality purely parametrized. The third point of the design is the compatibility of the software with CNC machines, in which these programs also have drawbacks due to their format and the need of other programs for the manufacture, these problems generate time and money lost to companies with productions And reduced design time.
As the industry advances in the 21st century, more and more efficient solutions are needed that integrate many functions in CAD as in CNC machines and that fulfill the 3 previously mentioned points. A clear example of software that complies with this is the AutoForm-ProccessDesigner for CATIA program. This software generates complex and non-parameterized surfaces, besides guiding the user from the design to the fabrication of the part with a direct connection to almost any CNC machine, thanks to its standard software.
imagen 1: Desingned in AutoForm-ProccessDesigner
The article read introduces us in the real experience of using AutoForm-ProccessDesigner as the main tool in the design of the parts to be manufactured, initially the software was used in the engineering division, but for its quality and efficiency it was expanded to the other two Divisions of the company production and assembly of steel and aluminum parts for the bodies. Fontana Prieto is a leading company in the design, manufacture and export of parts in different metals, mainly aluminum, and steels.
The sheet metal forming includes the creation of surfaces that, depending on their own complexity, allow adjustments made at the right time and according to the level of precision and quality desired. Design companies run into problems between the design of complex 3D models to their realization in CNC machines. This is where software such as AutoForm-ProccessDesigner will play an important role in linking CAD design with real design. Companies such as Fontana Prieto are advancing to the full use of software in their designs, in order to design better and faster.
Zusammenfassung:
Die Blechumformung umfasst Oberflächen zu schaffen, abhängig von ihrer Komplexität, Anpassungen zum richtigen Zeitpunkt vorgenommen ermöglichen und gemäß der gewünschten Genauigkeit und Qualität. Design-Firmen Probleme zwischen der Gestaltung von komplexen 3D-Modellen zur Realisierung auf CNC-Maschinen laufen. Dies ist, wo die Software als Autoform -ProccessDesigner kommen eine wichtige Rolle zwischen CAD-Design-Verknüpfung zu spielen und der tatsächlichen Ausführung. Firmen wie Fontana Prieto werden den verstärkten Einsatz competa Software in ihren Entwürfen, um besser und schneller zu gestalten.
Keywords:
Molds, precision, molding, speed, perfection, software, CAD
Introduction
Today the design of dies, molds and industrial design in general has lagged behind its origins of design by hand, currently very few companies that distribute parts of in our case parts of cars make these designs by hand, normally used Software, for its many advantages, between correcting errors, modeling speed among others.
The modeling of parts is only the first step in the manufacture of parts, for this first point you can use any modeling software like Solid Edge or inventor that comply with the design and show details of the parts to be manufactured .
This type of program has problems in the second step; The design of pieces of complex and non-parameterized surfaces, when performing complex forms these have many problems due to their functionality purely parametrized. The third point of the design is the compatibility of the software with CNC machines, in which these programs also have drawbacks due to their format and the need of other programs for the manufacture, these problems generate time and money lost to companies with productions And reduced design time.
As the industry advances in the 21st century, more and more efficient solutions are needed that integrate many functions in CAD as in CNC machines and that fulfill the 3 previously mentioned points. A clear example of software that complies with this is the AutoForm-ProccessDesigner for CATIA program. This software generates complex and non-parameterized surfaces, besides guiding the user from the design to the fabrication of the part with a direct connection to almost any CNC machine, thanks to its standard software.
imagen 1: Desingned in AutoForm-ProccessDesigner
The article read introduces us in the real experience of using AutoForm-ProccessDesigner as the main tool in the design of the parts to be manufactured, initially the software was used in the engineering division, but for its quality and efficiency it was expanded to the other two Divisions of the company production and assembly of steel and aluminum parts for the bodies. Fontana Prieto is a leading company in the design, manufacture and export of parts in different metals, mainly aluminum, and steels.
After the knowledge of the technologies abroad of Colombia and of the university, it is more than necessary to generate a comparison between what one has in Santo Tomas university and the leading software of the world, In the university santo takes the software is led by Solid Edge followed by inventor, when analyzing the functions and applications of these can easily be seen that these software are parameterized and are not necessarily the best when performing complex forms, these can be done any piece and form but The time used for modeling is extremely long. The configuration for CNC machines is relatively complex, but as always efficiency is not the best.
In conclusion, Colombia is still far behind in software technology and in the molding of parts. It is necessary that more of this type of technologies enter the country to begin designing and exporting parts and not only to buy them and have the obligation to accommodate to what other companies want for us.
TRANSLATED TO ENGLISH BY
JULIAN CAMILO ROMERO HUERTAS
LIVED FOR SIX MONTHS IN ENGLAND, UK
LEVEL C1
ÜBERSETZT ZU DEUTSCH FÜR
JEAN PAUL REYES LÓPEZ
10 MONATE LERNEN DEUTSCH AN DER UNI
LEVEL B1
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